Conductive heat flow is the most important geophysical parameter characterizing thermal regime and thermal history of different geological structures.

Volcanism and hydrothermal activity as well as tectonic movements of the rock massives are accompanied with transfer of heat accumulated in the moving substance and represent the heat and mass transfer.

This process includes energetic (geothermal) and material (geochemical) aspects, which are to be studied jointly to provide adequate description of nature and scale of the process.